ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO VIOLATIONS OF TRANSPORT OPERATION RULES

Abstract

Purpose. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the organizational factors that directly influence violations of transport operation rules in Ukraine. The main goal is to identify key institutional, managerial, and systemic factors leading to increased transport violations and develop scientifically-based recommendations for minimizing their negative impact on transport infrastructure safety. The study also focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships between organizational deficiencies and the level of transport accidents, enabling a comprehensive approach to solving the problem considering the specifics of different transport modes and regional features of Ukraine's transport system. Methods. The study applies a systematic approach using general scientific and unique cognitive methods. A comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian regulatory acts in transport safety was conducted, a statistical analysis of data on transport operation violations for 2020-2025 was performed, and systems analysis methods were used to identify relationships between various factors and their impact on transport system safety. Additionally, expert assessment methods were applied, involving transport industry specialists, representatives of regulatory bodies, and scientists, which provided a comprehensive view of the problem from different professional perspectives. Sociological research methods were also used to determine the level of legal awareness among transport process participants and their attitudes toward compliance with transport operation rules. Results. Based on the analysis, it was established that the key organizational factors contributing to violations of transport operation rules are imperfections in the monitoring system for compliance with vehicle operation requirements, ineffective coordination between different transport industry regulatory bodies, gaps in regulatory and legal frameworks, insufficient personnel qualifications, and low level of professional training of transport enterprise employees. Criminal and administrative legal aspects of liability for violations of transport operation rules were analyzed, revealing systemic problems in accountability mechanisms. It was also found that a significant impact on the level of infringements comes from outdated material and technical base of transport enterprises, insufficient funding for transport infrastructure modernization programs, and lack of effective mechanisms to stimulate investment in transport safety. Special attention was paid to analyzing the effectiveness of the existing system of training and professional development of transport industry workers, as well as assessing the impact of digitalization and implementation of modern technologies on the safety level of Ukraine's transport system. Conclusions. A set of recommendations has been developed to improve organizational and legal mechanisms for preventing violations of transport operation rules, which includes optimization of the monitoring and control system for safety requirements compliance, implementation of innovative technologies in the transport infrastructure management system, improvement of the regulatory framework and its harmonization with international standards, enhancement of personnel training, and implementation of an effective staff motivation system.