Some aspects of understanding the category of “peacefulness” in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as a condition for respect for the right to freedom of peaceful assembly
Keywords:
peaceful character, non-violent character, weapons, counter demonstrators, slogans, posters, public assemblies, public place
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the analysis of national and international conditions for the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, among which the category of “peacefulness” occupies a prominent place. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as the Constitution of Ukraine, unanimously state that citizens have the right to assemble only peacefully. This formulation defines the purpose of the article, to achieve which the author considers in more detail the content of the category of “peacefulness”, which is a prerequisite for the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. To achieve the stated purpose, the author uses the methods and techniques of logic, from general to specific, namely analyzes the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the cases of the exercise of the right of citizens to freedom of peaceful assembly, which results in the development of criteria for determining the peaceful character of the assembly. The author dwells on such aspects of the category of “peacefulness” as: the absence during the assembly or non-use of weapons by its participants; lack of purpose and desire to use violence in the organizers and participants of the assembly; active non-peaceful actions of counter demonstrators of the peaceful assembly; appeals and slogans of the assembly, including of the national or political nature, which cause dissatisfaction with the rest of the population; peculiarities of evaluation of negative actions of individual participants in public assemblies.
As the conclusion, the author notes that the absence in the Ukrainian legislation of a special law that would regulate the procedural aspects of the exercise by citizens of the right to freedom of assembly leads to the creation of situations that result in numerous violations, including in the form of an unjustified ban on the right of citizens to exercise their rights.
On grounds of this state of affairs, the author sees fit to actively use sources of international law, which have important developments in the regulation of this sphere. One of the most significant sources is the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as an integral part of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which provides, among other things, a substantial interpretation of the category of “peacefulness” in the resolution of disputes related to violation of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The developments of the European Court of Justice should not only be a definite benchmark for the organizers and participants in the peaceful assembly, but also be fully applied by the subjects of public administration.
References
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7. Melnyk, R. (2015). Pravo na svobodu myrnykh zibran: teoriia i praktyka: monohrafiia [The right to freedom of peaceful assembly: theory and practice: a monograph]. Kyiv: VAITE [in Ukrainian].
8. Shkarneha, O. (2016). Provadzhennia u spravakh shchodo realizatsii prava na myrni zibrannia [Proceedings in the realm of the right to peaceful assembly] (Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis). Odesa [in Ukrainian].
9. Constitutional Court of Ukraine (2016). Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy u spravi za konstytutsiinym podanniam Upovnovazhenoho Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy z prav liudyny shchodo vidpovidnosti Konstytutsii Ukrainy (konstytutsiinosti) polozhen chastyny p’iatoi statti 21 Zakonu Ukrainy «Pro svobodu sovisti ta relihiini orhanizatsii» (sprava pro zavchasne spovishchennia pro provedennia publichnykh bohosluzhin, relihiinykh obriadiv, tseremonii ta protsesii) vid 8 veresnia 2016 r. № 6-рп/2016 [The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case of the constitutional petition of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights on the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) with the provisions of part five of Article 21 of the Law of Ukraine “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” (the case of an early notification of the conduct of public worship, religious ceremonies, ceremonies and processions) of September 8, 2016 № 6-рп/2016]. Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy, no. 79, p. 94 [in Ukrainian].
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16. European Court of Human Rights (2010a). Case of Christian Democratic People’s Party v. Moldova (№ 2) from 2 February 2010, case № 25196/04. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2225196%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%2GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-97049%22]} [in English].
17. European Court of Human Rights (2007a). Case of Galstyan v. Armenia from 15 November 2007, case № 26986/03. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22Galstyan%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-83297%22]} [in English].
18. European Court of Human Rights (1994). Case of Jersild v. Denmark from 23 September 1994, case № 15890/89. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%-22jersild%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-57891%22]} [in English].
19. European Court of Human Rights (1988). Case of Plattform “Ärzte für das Leben” v. Austria from 21 June 1988, case № 10126/82. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%-22fulltext%22:[%22plattform%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-57558%22]} [in English].
20. European Court of Human Rights (1980a). Case of Christian Against Racism and Fascism v. the United Kingdom from 16 July 1980, case № 8440/78. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-74287%22]} [in English].
21. European Court of Human Rights (2010b). Case of Alekseyev v. Russia from 21 October 2010, case № 4916/07. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%224916%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-101257%22]} [in English].
22. European Court of Human Rights (1980b). Case of Artico v. Italy from 13 May 1980, case № 6694/74. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-57424%22]} [in English].
23. European Court of Human Rights (2006a). Case of Oya Ataman v. Turkey from 5 December 2006, case № 74552/01. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2274552%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-78330%22]} [in English].
24. European Court of Human Rights (2003). Case of Djavit An v. Turkey from 20 February 2003, case № 20652/92. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22djavit%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22 RANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-60953%22]} [in English].
25. European Court of Human Rights (2007b). Case of Makhmudov v. Russia from 26 July 2007, case № 35082/04. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2235082%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%2GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-81966%22]} [in English].
26. European Court of Human Rights (2008). Case of Sergey Kuznetsov v. Russia from 23 October 2008, case № 10877/04. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2210877%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-89066%22]} [in English].
27. European Court of Human Rights (1998a). Case of United Communist Party of Turkey and others v. Turkey from 30 January 1998, case № 133/1996/752/951. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22communist%22 ],%22document c o l l e c t i o n i d 2 % 2 2 : [ % 2 2 G R A N D C H A M B E R % 2 2 , % 2 2 C H A M B E R % 2 2 ] , % 2 2 i t emid%22:[%22001-58128%22]} [in English].
28. European Court of Human Rights (2006b). Case of Christian Democratic People’s Party v. Moldova from 14 February 2006, case № 28793/02. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2228793%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%2GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-72346%22]} [in English].
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Published
2019-06-10
How to Cite
Solodova, K. (2019). Some aspects of understanding the category of “peacefulness” in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as a condition for respect for the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. Administrative Law and Process, (1(24), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-796X.2019.1.10
Section
Scientific analysis of judicial practice
