Деякі аспекти розуміння категорії «мирність» у практиц і європейського суду з прав людини як умова дотримання права на свободу мирних зібрань
Ключові слова:
мирний характер, ненасильницький характер, зброя, контр- демонстранти, лозунги, плакати, масове зібрання, публічне місце
Анотація
Статтю присвячено аналізу національних і міжнародних умов реалізації права на свободу мирних зібрань, серед яких чільне місце посідає категорія «мирність». Конвенція про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод, як і Конституція України, одноголосно зазначають, що громадяни мають право збиратися лише мирно. Це формулювання визначає мету статті, для досягнення якої автор більш детально розглядає зміст категорії «мирність», що є необхідною умовою реалізації права на свободу мирних зібрань. Для досягнення поставленої мети автором використовуються методи та прийоми логіки, сходження від загального до конкретного, зокрема, аналізується практика Європейського суду з прав людини в справах щодо реалізації громадянами права на свободу мирних зібрань, результатом чого є вироблення критеріїв для визначення мирного характеру зібрання. Автор акцентує увагу на таких аспектах категорії «мирність», як відсутність зброї під час проведення зібрання або незастосування її учасниками такого зібрання, відсутність мети й бажання застосування насильницьких намірів в організаторів та учасників зібрання, активні немирні дії контр демонстрантів мирного зібрання, заклики й лозунги зібрання різного характеру (у тому числі державного чи політичного), що викликають невдоволення іншої частини населення, а також особливості оцінки негативних дій окремих учасників масового зібрання.
Як висновок автором зазначається, що відсутність в українському законодавстві спеціального закону, який регулював би процедурні аспекти здійснення громадянами права на свободу зібрань, призводить до виникнення ситуацій, які мають своїм наслідком численні порушення також у вигляді необґрунтованої заборони реалізації громадянами наданого їм права. У зв’язку з наведеним автор пропонує активно застосовувати міжнародні джерела права, що мають важливі напрацювання в регулюванні цієї сфери. Одним із найбільш суттєвих джерел є практика Європейського суду з прав людини як невід’ємна частина реалізації норм Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. Суд надає суттєве тлумачення категорії «мирність» під час вирішення спорів, пов’язаних із порушенням права на свободу мирних зібрань. Ці напрацювання європейської судової установи повинні не лише бути певним дороговказом для організаторів та учасників мирного зібрання, а й усебічно застосовуватися суб’єктами публічної адміністрації.
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25. European Court of Human Rights (2007b). Case of Makhmudov v. Russia from 26 July 2007, case № 35082/04. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2235082%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%2GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-81966%22]} [in English].
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28. European Court of Human Rights (2006b). Case of Christian Democratic People’s Party v. Moldova from 14 February 2006, case № 28793/02. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2228793%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%2GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-72346%22]} [in English].
29. European Court of Human Rights (1998b). Case of Incal v. Turkey from 9 June 1998, case № 41/1997/825/1031. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22incal%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],
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31. European Court of Human Rights (2005). Case of Ouranio Toxo and others v. Greece from 20 October 2005, case № 74989/01. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%22Ouranio%20Toxo%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-70720%22]} [in English].
32. European Court of Human Rights (2007c). Case of Barankevich v. Russia from 26 July 2007, case № 10519/03. Retrieved from: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2210519%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%-22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-81950%22]} [in English].
Опубліковано
2019-06-10
Як цитувати
Solodova, K. (2019). Деякі аспекти розуміння категорії «мирність» у практиц і європейського суду з прав людини як умова дотримання права на свободу мирних зібрань. Адміністративне право і процес, (1(24), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-796X.2019.1.10
Розділ
Науковий аналіз судової практики
